The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) are a series of nutritional guidelines published by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine. These guidelines are based on available science to evaluate…

The process by which a microorganism such as bacteria or fungi is used to absorb or breakdown environmental toxins. These organisms typically bind to toxins allowing much easier removal. Commercially, bioremdiative agents…

Modality is a term used to describe variants within a larger set and is contextually dependent. For example, one healthcare modality is Emergency Care as is Intensive Care. Within specific fields, modalities…

Vasoconstriction characterizes the narrowing of blood vessels following the constriction of the smooth muscles lining their inner walls. This action is most pronounced in large veins and arteries and can be considered…

Vasodilation describes an increase in diameter of blood vessels. This action results from smooth muscles in the blood vessels relaxing. Vasodilation is most-pronounced in larger tissues such as veins and arteries. During…

A field of biological science that studies the use of light to control living cells, particularly in neural cells. Lower-level organisms such as worms, which allow identifying the function of single neuronal…

Titration is a process by which the dosage of a drug or pharmacologically active compound is adjusted to meet the needs of the person receiving it. Titration typically starts with low dosages…

An antagonist is a compound that blocks or inhibits an innate biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor site rather than activating it. Antagonistic drugs are sometimes referred to as…

The Endocannabinoid System is a network of neurotransmitters and endocannabinoid receptor sites throughout the body of humans and animals. Its discovery and subsequent naming were made during the study of cannabinoid’s influence…

The World Health Organization (WHO) is an branch of the United Nations that focues on public health. It was founded in 1948, is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and has over 60 countries…